How did the Sephardic Jews ended up In Mexico and America?

 

Jewish nation, much of the Jewish population was sent into exile throughout the Roman Empire. Many were sent to the IBERIAN peninsula. The area became known by the Hebrew word SEPHARD meaning "far away". The JEWS in SPAIN and PORTUGAL became known as SEPHARDIM or SEPHARDI, and those things associated with the SEPHARDIM including names, customs, genealogy and religious rites, became known as SEPHARDIC. Sephardic names were well developed in Aragon by the year 1213. (Note reference 22, below.) Many of the names were of Hebrew derivation. A much lesser number were composed of a first name and a geographic location, many times the result of conversion.

The Jewish nation in Iberia, numbering approximately 750,000 in the year 1492, were banished from Spain by royal decree of Ferdinand and Isabella. (Ferdinand's grandmother was Jewish.) (For a description of the 1492 expulsion as written in 1495, see the link in Section IV, Lore) The Jews of Portugal, were banished by royal decree several years later. Relief from the banishment decrees and restoration of civil rights was promised to those Jews who remained and converted to Catholicism. These converts were called CONVERSOS or MARRANOS (converts or pigs in Spanish) and ANUSIM (forced ones in Hebrew). Some of the Jewish population converted in name only, other converted by choice. All of the Jews, whether those who left the country with their Jewish religious beliefs intact, and those that were converted are described as being SEPHARDIM or being of SEPHARDIC heritage.

Many of the SEPHARDIM left Spain after conversion because life as a "new Christian" or Marrano was not as promised. "Clean Blood" laws were established to deny the "new Christian" the same civil rights as the "old Christian". Many left the Iberian peninsula where some reverted, and others did not. The converted population that remained under the influence of Spanish or Portuguese control or the control of countries heavily influenced by the Catholic Church could not openly revert to Judaism for fear of punishment inflicted by the inquisition. The punishment for reversion or secret adherence varied from humiliation to death by fire. Many Hispanics today practice Jewish customs without knowing the source. Many are still secret Jews.

The Sephardic Jews escape to America in 1492

The history of the Jews in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first trip crossing the Atlantic was on 3 August 1492, when he left Spain and eventually "discovered" the New World. Your departure date was also the day when the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon decreed that the Jews of Spain either had to convert to Catholicism, depart the country or face death for defiance of the monarch .

There were at least seven Jews (or crypto-Jews, Marranos, or sincere Jewish converts to Catholicism) who sailed with Columbus on his first voyage including Rodrigo de Triana, who was first to sight land (Columbus later assumed credit for this), Hernan Cortez, Maestre Bernal, who served as the expedition's doctor, and Luis de Torres, the interpreter, who speaks Hebrew and Arabic, which was believed would be useful in the East - their destination. Another Jewish Viceroy Don Luis de Carvajal introduced over 200 families of Jews to America, brought in from Portugal sarpado vessels on their way to New Spain dela settlements.

LUIS DE CARVAJAL FUNDA EL REINO DE LEON (Monterrey La capital De Los Judios)

Luis de Carvajal the Younger was the nephew and designated heir named the first governor of Nuevo Reino de Leon. Possibly the largest tract of land granted by Spain to anyone, (360,000 square leagues) The Lands of the Kingdom of Leon was given by Philip II and was extended from eastern Mexico through the southwestern USA.
(See below map)




















When Luis learned that he was a Jew, the impact on him was enormous. A man of culture, literature and the verses he knew how to play the harp and sing, knew several languages and possessed a great spirit, Luis was unable or unwilling to hide their faith. It was around that could convince anyone to observe the "law of Moses"; prayers attributed to him are recited to inquisitors of a century after his subsequent death of the victims. He was arrested, and cells become Inquisitions his cell mate, a monk, to Judaism.

He also changed his name to Joseph Lumbroso: Joseph after the biblical dreamer, since Luis also has inspired dreams and Lumbroso which means the Enlightened One. After his first arrest, torture and imprisonment - knowing that a second arrest meant the game - not to yield. Jose Luis was denounced by a new one. His second arrest was marked with religious pride and perseverance that made its mark even in his executioners. The suicide attempt, hoping to escape the allegation and others under torture. He discussed those sent to convert him eloquence, knowledge and spirit. More info on Luis de Carvajal HERE.

This map shows the nearly 200,000 Spanish Jews who went into exile in Portugal, northern Europe and the entire Mediterranean basin were called Sepharades or Sephardim, based on the Hebrew name for Spain.

This summary of the countries the Jews were expelled from helps trace our ancestry through Europe.

70 Jews defeated in Judea by Romans, Diaspora begins, 100,000 Jewish slaves exported

673 Jews expelled from Spain
855 Jews expelled from Italy
1180 Jews expelled from France
1290 Jews expelled from England
1360 Jews expelled from Hungary
1348 Jews expelled from Germany
1348 the Black Death raged in Germany
1394 Jews expelled from France
1421 Jews expelled from Austria
1445 Jews expelled from Lithuania
1492 Jews expelled from Spain
1497 Jews expelled from Portugal
1687 Jews no longer welcome in Norway
1693 major famine in France
1710 Black Death in Denmark and Sweden

Seymour Liebman, in his seminal book The Jews of New Spain, translated the words of Father Luis Contreras walked to his fate: "He was always such a good Jew and reconciling their understanding, which was very deep and sensitive, with its very inspired Divine determination to defend the Law of Gd - the Mosaic - and to fight for it. I do not doubt that if he had lived before the Incarnation of our Redeemer, would have been a heroic Hebrew and his name would have been so famous in the Bible as are the names of those who died in defense of their rights when necessary. "

LISTS OF SURNAMES WITH USED BY SEPHARDIC JEWS WHEN THEY LANDED IN AMERICA

The names listed on this site have been identified as Sephardic by civil and religious records and creditable authors. These names have been used by Spanish and Portuguese Jews and conversos and many are found today, world wide in Hispanic and Sephardic communities and references. Some names may no longer exist in their old form. While not an expert in patronymics, some names, such as ABRAVANEL are unmistakably of Hebrew origin. Other names, such as IBN YAHIA, appear to be of Arabic origin. Still other names such as CASTRO and FRANCO appear to be of Hispanic origin, the vast majority of these names belonged to Jews at the time of expulsion. Still other names (conversion names or Christian names) were assigned to Jews at conversion, such as DE SEVILLA and SANTA MARIA. Many of these names were the family names of the Christian "sponsors".

Many of the names have been changed in the course of migration from one country to another, such as Pena to Penha. Other names have incorporated a prefix such as D', Da, De, or Do, with the surname, so that D'Avila could be spelled DAVILA. Other names normally found with a prefix, may be listed with or without the prefix. For example, d' ANDRADE, da ANDRADE, de ANDRADE, may be listed as ANDRADE or ANDRADE 'D. The following prefixes may sometime be interchangeable; Aben, Ibn, Aven, Avin and Ben. These prefixes may be found separated or attached to the stem name. It would be prudent to search for names both with and without prefixes.

One should check for variations in spelling. For example, the names Sejas, Cejas, Aceijas, Seixas, Aseixas, Acejas, Acezas, Asexas, Azeixas, and Xexas are considered variants of the same name. It should also be noted that many Sephardim who left the Iberian Peninsula and practiced Judaism, changed their names and used aliases to protect their families who remained in Spain and Portugal.

Some individuals insist that all names ending in ez in Spain and es (meaning son of) elsewhere, denote Sephardic heritage. This is may or may not be the case.

Not all individuals bearing these names may be SEPHARDIM, or of SEPHARDIC origin, nor are they necessarily Jewish or secret Jews. The authors of references from which names were extracted have identified the names as Jewish at one time.

No inference is made that Hispanics carrying the names found below are Jewish. We have added a DNA capability to explore the ethnic origin of Anusim/Sephardic/Jewish names. The names on this site are provided only as an aid to genealogical research.

Many of the references listed on this site can be obtained through your municipal public library system or through the Inter-library Loan program or purchased from a commercial firm on this site.

SEPHARDIC NAMES SEARCH ENGINE CLICK HERE

re: hhtp://www.sephardim.com

For more information go to http://www.familytreedna.com/default.aspx?c=1

Family Tree DNA is the pioneer and the world's largest DNA testing company in the new field of genetic genealogy.
If you are looking for that long-lost relative or ancestor, or if you feel that some day, someone may use a DNA repository to look for long-lost relatives, you should consider doing this simple DNA test.

Your ancestors left clues in your DNA which you can use to determine your deep ancestral origins and to link you with others in recent time. We can compare your results with our database - the largest of its kind in the world - and tell you whether those clues indicate possible Jewish ancestry and whether you match others who are Jewish. Our Jewish comparative databases are the largest in the world, containing records for Ashkenazim and Sephardim, as well as Levites and Cohanim.

Y-DNA: Males can test their Y-DNA to determine the origin of their paternal line, including the possibility of Jewish and Cohanim ancestry. Note that the Y-DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence from any females along that line. Females do not receive the Y-DNA, and therefore females cannot be tested for the paternal line. If you are a female and would like to know about your paternal line, you would need to have a brother or a male relative from that line to be tested.

mtDNA: Both males and females can test their mtDNA to determine the origin of their maternal line. We compare your results with the data from the landmark study published by Dr. Doron Behar, our Chief mtDNA Scientist, and quoted by NY Times, CNN, BBC, and other major media outlets. Note that the mtDNA strictly checks the maternal line, with no influence from any males along that line. Both males and females receive the mtDNA from the mother.

Como llegaron los Judios Sefarditas a America Latina, Estados Unicos y a Mexico?

Para este enlace en Espanol http://wordsofthetorah.com/sefarditas.html

BUSQUE SU APELLIDO JUDIO SEFARDITA

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